地域文化视野下的都城民居——洛阳十字街人文色彩的保护与更新

在一些历史文化名城改造中,只追求物质环境的改善而忽略了对文化环境保护的问题非常突出,造成了城市历史文化风貌的丧失和城市特色的泯灭。文章拟以洛阳老城十字街为例,通过了解它的地域文化特色,对其历史文化街区的人文色彩保护理念进行了较为深入的分析,在此基础上,提出保护与更新的原则与方法,即:结合地域文化,在尽可能保持原有街道格局、空间特色、整体风貌等不变的同时,努力改善街区环境,并依靠其历史文化底蕴振兴传统街区.目的不仅在于对地域传统建筑文化的探索,而是以此为出发点,研究与思考当代乃至未来历史文化街区的保护与创新     

Development of an Algorithm to Predict Vertical Heat Transfer Through Ceiling/Floor Conduction

This paper describes a new algorithm of the Consolidated Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (CFAST) fire model and compares the results with data from real-scale fire tests conducted aboard the ex-USS Shadwell, the U.S. Navy's Research and Development Damage Control Platform. The new phenomenon modeled in this work is the conduction of heat in the vertical direction. The Shadwell tests chosen for validation purposes were part of the Internal Ship Conflagration Control (ISCC) Program. The work focuses on four compartments of the ship that were vertically aligned. The temperatures of the compartments and the decks between them were compared with model predictions. The predictions were very close to the experimental results for all compartments, although the temperatures rise in the topmost compartment was barely above ambient.     

“新工科”视角下土木类大学生学习共同体构建

以互联网、人工智能、云计算等为新兴技术的新经济形态蓬勃发展,新型工科建设给工程教育带来了机遇和挑战。土木类专业作为传统专业,面临着专业知识跟不上社会发展和产业需求、跨学科跨专业融合不够等问题,亟需改造和升级。河海大学土木与交通学院以学生为中心,以第二课堂为落脚点,实现教育教学横纵向深度融合,系统设计与构建线上虚拟空间、线下共享空间并行,实践情境体验空间付诸实际行动的“两并行一实践”的学生学习共同体,在要求土木类工程科技人才行业专精的基础上,培养学生创新实践能力、跨界整合能力和多元发展能力,助力新工科从理念到行动的全新转变。     

Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China

Background

While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.

Objectives

Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.

Methods

We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.

Results

We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm³). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.

Conclusions

Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing.     

浅谈改性沥青路面施工工艺

针对沥青路面常见的一些质量缺陷，从改性沥青混合料的生产、沥青混合料的运输、摊铺、碾压以及路面的接缝施工等方面介绍了改性沥青路面的施工工艺，以保证沥青路面的施工质量。     

Wind effect and aerodynamic wind resistance measures of a 257 m high apartment building

采用高频底座测力天平技术，对位于华南沿海城市的一建筑综合体的两栋超高层建筑(主塔和副塔，其高度分别为300 m和257 m)进行了风洞试验，考察了在副塔立面不同位置角区实施不同局部修改(包括凹角、切角和阳台不封闭)时相临主塔和上游高215 m的酒店对副塔横风向效应的影响。结果显示，副塔单体情况下，50 a横风向峰值基底弯矩和10 a重现期最大峰值加速度分别达到10.08 GN·m和0.50 m/s²，综合体的建筑布局可使副塔的峰值基底弯矩和最大峰值加速度分别减少64%和54%，但上游的酒店可使副塔最大峰值加速度增加16%；只考虑综合体时，推荐的上部凹角和下部阳台不封闭方案可使副塔的最大横风向峰值基底弯矩和最大峰值加速度分别减少20%和15%；考虑所有周边建筑的干扰效应时，推荐方案可使10 a重现期的最大峰值加速度减少12%，且在1~10 a重现期风速作用下的平均减振效果为11%。     

CDI二维浓度传质模型的建立以及实验验证

电容去离子技术(CDI)作为一种新兴的水处理脱盐技术,因其具有诸多优异性能而受到广泛关注。厘清CDI的传质机制是理论研究的焦点。通过对已有经验模型的分析,从沿流向方向和垂直流向方向两个方面,考虑了电场迁移以及传质扩散等因素,提出了一种新的CDI二维浓度传质模型,对CDI在除盐过程中的离子扩散及浓度分布规律进行模拟探究,根据实际实验结果对该模型进行实验验证及参数修正。结果表明,该二维模型可以较好地模拟CDI除盐过程。将该二维模型利用COMSOL软件进行模拟,观测CDI在除盐过程中的内部浓度变化。并针对存在问题提出合理化建议,为CDI技术的未来发展提供理论支撑。     

双向可逆形状记忆乙烯⁃醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的制备和性能研究

以乙烯⁃醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）为原料,过氧化2⁃乙基己基叔丁酯（TBPE）为交联剂,合成了交联EVA双向形状记忆聚合物（SMP）,并且考察了TBPE含量对于交联EVA性能的影响。结果表明,交联EVA的T_m和T_c随着TBPE含量的上升呈现下降的趋势,可以通过交联剂比例调节材料的驱动温度;交联EVA的形状固定率会随着TBPE含量的增加呈现下降趋势,最低达到88.83 %,而样品的形状恢复率均超过99 %,并且都具有单向和双向形状记忆功能;交联EVA也具有双向记忆性能,R_a,_2W随着TBEC的含量增大而减小,R_r,_2W则相反;因此,通过改变交联剂EVA的量,对于双向交联EVA的性能有较大影响。     

壮志凌云--广州市"双塔"(西塔)建筑设计方案构思

简述了广州“双塔”（西塔）建筑设计方案国际邀请竞赛唯一由国内设计机构独立完成的方案构思．从总体布局、形象创意、平面功能、交通组织、结构选型等方面说明了方案的主要设计特点。